Evidence Of Brucella Found In Maui’s Dolphins

Evidence Of Brucella Found In Maui’s Dolphins

Evidence of a bacterial agent in a dead endangered Maui’s dolphin found at the mouth of the Waikato River in November has prompted concerns for the future of the species.

A post mortem conducted by pathologist Dr Wendi Roe at Massey University revealed that the dolphin was born alive but never made it to the surface to take its first breath.

The bacterium Brucella was identified by DNA methods at the Biosecurity New Zealand Investigation and Diagnostic Centre. This laboratory has previously found evidence of marine strains of Brucella in Hector’s dolphin.

“The test results cannot confirm if the dolphin died as a result of brucellosis, the disease caused by the bacterium. However Brucella does cause this type of problem in animals, and this finding in the Maui’s dolphin population is of real concern for the future of the species,” said Dr Roe.

Two other Maui’s dolphins found dead this summer had been screened without detecting Brucella bacteria. Further screening would be required to determine the prevalence of the bacteria in the Maui’s dolphin population and its associated impacts.

The Department of Conservation spokesperson, Nicola Vallance says the death in itself is bad news for the Maui’s dolphin population.

“These dolphins are considered to be the rarest marine dolphin in the world, with only around 100 animals left - meaning that all individuals are crucial for the survival of the population. The possibility that Brucellosis was involved in the death of the baby dolphin is a cause for concern and requires further investigation.

“The effect of this disease in marine mammals is unknown. We do know that Brucellosis causes abortions and reproductive failure in livestock, and while we know very little about how the disease manifests in marine mammals there is some evidence from international examples that this too may be the case for dolphins.

“Brucellosis has been diagnosed in a variety of whale, dolphin and seal populations worldwide, but our understanding of the disease in these species is still very limited,” she says. While vaccines are available for livestock, there were none for marine mammals.

DOC, Massey University and the Biosecurity New Zealand Investigation and Diagnostic Centre are working together on this issue and will continue to research the incidence of Brucella in Maui’s dolphin and their Southern cousins, the Hector’s dolphins.

“We already know the bacteria are present in the Hector’s dolphin population, but we have yet to establish how this is affecting the population,” Nicola Vallance says.

DOC is appealing to the public to report any dead dolphins to their hotline 0800 DOC HOT (0800 362 468). All dead Maui’s and Hector’s dolphins undergo post mortem to determine cause of death. Genetic analysis and disease screening also occur. The results of these procedures are paramount in understanding more about the dolphins’ biology and establishing why dolphins are dying and how deaths can be minimised through management actions.

DOC stresses that the public should not directly handle any marine mammal. This is especially important with ill or dead animals where disease incidence is likely to be higher. At any stranding event where public assist with rescuing live animals, advice will be provided from DOC staff as to how to minimise health and safety risks. Should dolphins be caught by fishers, they too could carry the bacteria, so notifying DOC immediately is advised, Ms Vallance says.

Brucella can be transferred from animal populations to humans in bodily fluids. Rarely human cases have been identified with the strain of Brucella found in marine mammals. Brucellosis in humans causes fever, headache, arthritis and neurological symptoms and is treated intensively with antibiotics.

ENDS

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