G8 Hokkaido: Non-Proliferation - Background, Goals

Disarmament, Non-proliferation and Science Department,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Hokkaido Toyako Summit: Background of "non-proliferation" and outcomes to be achieved

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International situation surrounding non-proliferation

NUCLEAR AND MISSILE ISSUES OF NORTH KOREA

-- North Korea's nuclear and missile development poses a serious threat to the peace and security of not only Japan but also the entire international community

(Key developments)

2003 Jan : North Korea announced withdrawal from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)

Feb : North Korea resumed operations of the 5MWe experimental reactor

2005 Sep : The Six Parties adopted the Joint Statement and North Korea committed to "abandoning all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programs"

2006 Jul : North Korea conducted ballistic missile launches -- Security Council Resolution 1695 adopted

Oct : North Korea announced that it had conducted a nuclear test -- Security Council Resolution 1718 adopted

2007 Feb : The Six Parties agreed on the "Initial Actions for the Implementation of the Joint Statement"

Jul : The IAEA started the monitoring and verification activities of the shutdown and sealing of nuclear facilities in Yongbyon

Oct : The Six Parties agreed on the "Second-Phase Actions for the Implementation of the Joint Statement"

Nov : The disablement activities of the three nuclear facilities in Yongbyon started

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IRANIAN NUCLEAR ISSUE

-- Iran conducted uranium enrichment experiments and other nuclear activities for about 20 years in the past without declaring them to the IAEA

-- It has continued and expanded its uranium enrichmentrelated activities, in defiance of UN Security Council resolutions

(Key developments)

2002 Aug: Iranian dissident organization publicized construction of covert nuclear facilities

2006 Feb: Iran resumed uranium enrichment activities

2006 Jul onwards: a series of UN Security Council Resolutions has been adopted (Resolution 1696 (2006), 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007) and 1803 (2008))

EU3 (UK, France, and Germany) +3 (US, Russia, and China) and Japan have urged Iran repeatedly to comply with the Resolutions

2008 May: Iran presented its proposal for negotiation, however, it has no reference to the uranium enrichment activities

Jun: Prime Minister Fukuda directly urged President Ahmadinejad to comply with the Resolutions

EU3+3 presented Iran with their updated comprehensive proposal of incentives which would be provided to Iran in return for suspending enrichment and other activities

* A serious challenge to the international nuclear non-proliferation regime based on the NPT

* The G8 to issue strong message.

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Outcomes to be achieved at the Hokkaido Toyako Summit (1)

NORTH KOREA

* G8 will send a strong message urging North Korea to abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programs in accordance with the agreement of the Six-Party Talks and take steady steps toward that goal.

* G8 will send a strong message as the international community toward the early resolution of the outstanding issues of concern, including the humanitarian concerns such as the abduction issue.

IRAN

* G8 will send a strong message urging Iran to comply with a series of UN Security Council Resolutions by suspending its uranium enrichment-related activities and to respond positively to the efforts by the international community

Outcomes to be achieved at the Hokkaido Toyako Summit (2)

Strengthen the multilateral disarmament and non-proliferation regime including the NPT

* In particular, G8 will emphasize the solidarity of the G8, when nuclear weapon States participate, towards the success of the 2010 NPT Review Conference of the Parties to the NPT.

Reduction of nuclear weapons in a transparent manner

* Based on the nuclear weapons reduction efforts of the US, Russia, the UK and France, we will call upon all nuclear weapon States to undertake nuclear weapons reductions in a transparent manner.

Nuclear weapons reduction measures by four nuclear weapon States

US

* Compliance with the obligations of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, START I and the Moscow Treaty (to reduce its operationally deployed strategic nuclear warheads to between 1,700 and 2,200 by 2012).

* The US will by 2012 reduce the size of its operational nuclear stockpile to one-quarter its size at the end of the Cold War. (December 2007/White House)

* The US has announced the "Draft plan to Transform Nuclear Weapons Complex" centered around a 30% reduction in nuclearrelated facilities. (December 2007/NNSA Administrator D'Agostino)

* Agreed to allow a post-START document to be legally binding. (April 2008/US-Russia Strategic Framework Declaration)

RUSSIA

* Compliance with the obligations of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, START I and the Moscow Treaty (to reduce its strategic nuclear warheads to between 1,700 and 2,200 by 2012). (2008/Second Session of the NPT Preparatory Committee)

* Agreed to allow a post-START document to be legally binding. (April 2008/US-Russia Strategic Framework Declaration)

UK

* Keeping the number of its operationally available nuclear warheads below 160 (20% reduction).

* The UK is to maintain its current nuclear deterrence system in the form of nuclear submarines. (White paper: "The Future of the United Kingdom's Nuclear Deterrent") NB: Secretary of State for Defence Browne reiterated the abovementioned measures in his speech at the Conference on Disarmament in February 2008.

FRANCE

* Reduced its airborne force of nuclear weapons by one-third. This will result in the number of its nuclear warheads falling to less than 300 (less than half the number at its peak in the Cold War). (March 2008/Speech by French President Sarkozy)

Outcomes to be achieved at the Hokkaido Toyako Summit (3)

EXPANSION OF THE G8 GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP

* The international initiative which has focused in certain priority projects in Russia such as the dismantling of decommissioned nuclear submarines has brought forth certain achievements; for example, all decommissioned nuclear submarines are expected to be dismantled by 2010. Since there is a need to store and dispose of remaining wastes and spent fuels following the dismantlement, and to destroy remaining chemical weapons, cooperation with Russia will continue.

* The scope of the cooperation will be expanded globally. In order to further strengthen global assistance and cooperation for the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, work will be carried out to draw out specific focuses of the "Expanded Global Partnership."

(Note) An initiative agreed upon at Kananaskis Summit with the principal objective of cooperation for the prevention of the spread of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and related materials from Russia. The priority areas include the dismantling of decommissioned nuclear submarines, destruction of chemical weapons, and redirection of former weapon scientists.

COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS IN RUSSIA

* Dismantling of a nuclear submarine at shipyard Zvezda (Decommissioned Victor III nuclear submarine)

* Construction of Chemical Weapons Destruction Facility (Schuchye) (Canada Department of External Affairs, from the "Global Partnership Program Annual Report"

IN ADDITION, ENHANCED MEASURES IN THE WORLD AS A WHOLE...

Dismantling of a nuclear submarine at shipyard Zvezda (Decommissioned Victor III nuclear submarine)

Construction of Chemical Weapons Destruction Facility (Schuchye) (Canada Department of External Affairs, from the "Global Partnership Program Annual Report"

* Strengthen protection of nuclear facilities and other facilities handling materials related to WMDs (microbe laboratories etc.) (installment/renewal of external fences, installment of nuclear material detection devices, establishment of protection systems etc.)

* Ensure security of WMD-related materials

* Formulate and implement policies for export control/nonproliferation

* Enlightenment activities and human resource cultivation to promote universalization and inplementation of WMD-related treaties.

Outcomes to be achieved at the Hokkaido Toyako Summit (4)

* We aim to reaffirm the inalienable right of all State Parties to the NPT to the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes in conformity with all NPT obligations.

* At the same time, we aim to deliver a message of our commitment to the highest possible "3S" (Safeguards [against proliferation], Safety [of nuclear power and to the environment], and Security [against nuclear terrorism]) standards for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

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ENDS

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